![]() ![]() The focus of the current study was to examine the nutrition fact panels of the top selling commercially available energy drink and energy shot products within the US to characterize common ingredient profiles to help establish a standard definition and ingredient profile of energy drinks and energy shots for consumers, health care practitioners, and researchers. Energy drinks are considered a functional beverage, a category that also includes sports drinks and nutraceutical beverages. pectinata.Įnergy drinks are one of the most popular packaged beverage products consumed within the United States (US). SWH demonstrates efficacy in recovering amino acids, particularly taurine, from edible parts of A. The hydrolysates may be of considerable interest for use in food or energy drinks. Perhaps the most significant finding was the predominance of taurine in the three parts following SW treatment at 120 ☌. At 200 ☌, those inhibiting ACE had a maximum antihypertensive activity of 200 ☌ in 1% PAM, ADM, and mantle with 85.85 ± 0.67, 84.55 ± 0.18, and 82.15 ± 0.85%, respectively, compared to 97.57 ± 0.67% in 1% standard captopril. Antioxidant activity of treated samples increased as SW temperatures increased. The hydrolysates contained more free amino acids than the untreated samples. ![]() Further characterization of the hydrolysates was performed to ascertain amino acid profiles and biofunctional properties. The temperatures ranged from 120 ☌ to 200 ☌, and the pressure and time of hydrolysis were 3 MPa and 30 min, respectively. Subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) was used to recover amino acids from the posterior adductor muscle (PAM), anterior adductor muscle (ADM), and mantle. ![]() The high sugar and caffeine content, in particular, may lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, nervousness, and irritability.Artina pectinata (Comb pen shell, CPS) is a high-protein source that contains a variety of essential amino acids. The other ingredients that are found in energy drinks are considered to be more likely associated with adverse side effects as compared to the high doses of taurine in these products. Currently, up to 3000 mg of supplemental taurine is generally considered to be safe in addition to dietary intake, although the effect of long-term high doses remains unknown. A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the safe dose limit of taurine to address this issue.Įarly studies by the European Food Safety Authority noted that there were no side effects evident in individuals who consumed 1000 mg of taurine daily. There is some concern about the dosing of taurine in energy drinks and whether this high dose may lead to unwanted side effects in individuals, particularly if more than one serving is consumed each day. This natural consumption of taurine is considerably lower than the standard dose found in many energy drinks, which commonly contain around 1000 mg of taurine per serving. Most adult individuals consume approximately 50 milligrams (mg) of taurine in their daily diet from natural sources such as milk, eggs, fish, and meat. What Is Taurine and Why's It in My Energy Drink? Play Dosing and toxicity However, their dual inclusion in many energy drinks is aimed towards achieving a combined effect to improve overall brain function and mental performance. Interestingly, taurine and caffeine appear to have opposite effects on the central nervous system (CNS), as caffeine is a stimulant and taurine is an agonist for the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. Most energy drinks that include taurine also contain other substances, such as caffeine. Taurine supplementation has been linked to improved exercise capacity and may therefore help individuals to meet physical goals. The inclusion of taurine in energy drinks is most likely due to its hypothesized effect on mental and athletic performance. The exact role of this substance in physiological processes is not precisely known however, it is believed to help support muscle maintenance. Taurine is naturally present in several areas of the body including the brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. Image Credit: DisobeyArt / Physiological function ![]() However, other components such as caffeine are more likely to be associated with dangerous effects in high doses. There is some concern about the safe dose of taurine in energy drinks and whether individuals may experience side effects as a result of its inclusion in these products. Although humans usually consume small amounts of taurine from natural dietary sources, greater doses of the substance are found in many energy drink products. Taurine is a conditional amino acid that has various effects throughout the body, most notably on neurological and muscular development. ![]()
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